Installation And Use Of Laboratory 3-Branches Stainless Steel Vacuum Filtration Device

The laboratory 3-branches vacuum filtration system uses an innovative design, which can be connected to 3 funnels to filter 3 groups of samples at the same time, which is suitable for users with a large amount of detection. The filter bracket is made of anodized aluminum alloy as a whole, which is sturdy and durable, lightweight, and can be autoclaved. The suction filter pump adopts an oil-free design, which can be directly connected to the power supply, with low noise and low vibration. With double anti-waste liquid back suction protection design and can completely eliminate back suction phenomenon.

The laboratory 3-branches vacuum filtration system is suitable for filtration with a large number of sample treatments such as SS filtration of suspended solids, microbial limit inspection filtration.

Uses: laboratory 3-branches stainless steel vacuum filtration device is made of 316L microbial stainless steel, which is suitable for using the membrane filtration method in the laboratory to detect indicators of microorganisms and suspended solids in water.

Assembly:
1. Take out each part of the BV-330-B laboratory 3-branches stainless steel vacuum filtration device-the filter base, suction filter, and waste liquid bottle, and remove the packaging and place it on a horizontal table.
2. Please connect the suction end of the vacuum pump to the suction end of the waste liquid bottle with a pump tube with a water blocking filter, and the connection of the suction end of the waste liquid bottle is the end with a water blocking protector below.
3. Please connect the inlet end of the waste liquid bottle and the interface end of the 3-branches stainless steel filter base with a silicone tube.
4. Make sure that all silicone tube connections are completely sealed.

Installation And Use Of Laboratory 3-Branches Stainless Steel Vacuum Filtration Device

About Sample Vials Development And Quality

Sample vials development
The material of the sample vial is neutral borosilicate glass, which will not cause the precipitation of metal ions and affect the analysis results. In order to prevent the sample from being adsorbed, some sample vials are also silanized. Sample vials are made of glass raw materials in the category-Class 1 borosilicate glass with an expansion coefficient of 51. This type of glass does not affect the analytes in your sample matrix, which means that vials are an indispensable solution for your valuable samples.

The main contents of the sample vial are clear. It is for this reason that external light can easily pass through the container, causing the contents to change and deteriorate. At present, a colorless and transparent sample vial that can block ultraviolet rays has attracted widespread attention by adding a metal oxide that absorbs ultraviolet rays to glass. At the same time, the complementary color effect is used, and some metals or their oxides are added to fade the colored glass.

HAWACH sample vial characteristics
1. Extremely high inertness: The inertness of the sample vial can reduce the peak variability of the analyte and ensure that you are confident in the results.
2. Consistent performance: Each product of each batch of the sample bottle has consistent performance, which saves you more time for troubleshooting and re-running samples.
3. Certificate of Analysis: The sample bottle is equipped with an analysis certificate, which can guarantee you that these sample bottles can work normally even in the harsh environment.
4. Can be matched with various vial cap designs: sample vials can use your existing 2 ml autosampler bottle caps, bringing more convenience to your inventory management.
5. Fewer septa issues: HAWACH has continued to improve septa to actively reduce leaching, chipping, blocking, pushing, stiffening, and adsorption and absorption issues.
6. Fast delivery: HAWACH’s exclusive distribution centers ensure that your order will be delivered to your laboratory in time.

HAWACH’s sample vial has excellent sealing performance, which can effectively avoid sample evaporation. The vial and the corresponding 11mm aluminum cap can be easily and quickly combined with the jaw capping tool. The vial can withstand heat and pressure, and can also be used for chemical reactions, especially for vials with thread openings, with white open caps and thick PTFE/silicone gaskets, which can be used as anhydrous and oxygen-free reaction vials.

About Sample Vials Development And Quality

Availability And Specification Of Flash Column

In environmental analysis and testing, flash column is widely used in the pretreatment of samples, such as the organic pollution analysis of water and aerosols, the extraction solution is transferred to the chromatographic column, then the alkane part is eluted with cyclohexane, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants are eluted with benzene, and the polar components are eluted with ethanol. In soil analysis, rare earth elements thorium, thallium and so on are separated by the alumina column.

Analysis Process
Adsorption column chromatography usually fills glass tubes with large activated porous or powdered solid adsorbents. When the mixture solution to be separated flows through the adsorption column, various components are adsorbed at the upper end of the column at the same time. When the eluent flows down, because of the different adsorption capacity of different compounds, the speed of downward eluting is also different, so different levels are formed, that is, the solute forms a number of ribbons from top to bottom in the column according to the affinity to the adsorbent. When eluted with solvent, the separated solute can be washed out and collected from the column.

Chemical Properties of Flash Column
Hawach flash Column specifications include two aspects: column length and column inner diameter. The selection of column specifications directly affects the analysis speed, separation ability, detection ability and solvent consumption for each analysis. For the same analysis time and separation degree: the column with a large inner diameter consumes more solvent than the column with a small inner diameter. Smaller inner diameter columns also require fewer samples for the same detection signal. Therefore, small inner diameter columns can be used when the sample size is limited. The long column can give a high degree of separation, and the short column can provide rapid separation. We can choose the appropriate chromatographic column according to the sample situation.

Availability And Specification Of Flash Column

These Issues Must Be Addressed When Cleaning And Maintaining Filter Cartridges

When cleaning and maintaining the filter cartridge, some problems must be paid attention to, otherwise, it is easy to find that after using the filter cartridge for a period of time, the efficiency of the filtration work is reduced, or there are many problems during cleaning and maintenance that cause the filter cartridge damaged. Everyone knows that reasonable cleaning and maintenance can increase the service life of the filter cartridge, and failure to properly clean and maintain may cause the quality and service life of the filter cartridge to be threatened. So what kind of issues need to be concerned about?

Learn how to clean the filter cartridge

First of all, we must learn how to clean and maintain the filter cartridge. From the current situation, if there is no correct method in the process of cleaning and maintenance, but some older methods are used to make judgments, it may lead to actual There is a deviation between cleaning and proper cleaning, and it is precisely this deviation that can cause damage to the filter cartridge. If you want to learn the correct cleaning and maintenance methods, you need to learn from the filter manufacturer when you buy them. At the same time, there will be a lot of knowledge on the Internet, which can give enterprises some help in learning the cleaning and maintenance methods.

Follow procedures when cleaning and maintaining

When cleaning and maintaining the filter cartridge, it is also necessary to follow the process. Why is this? After cleaning and maintaining the filter cartridge, many people know what the correct method and process are, but due to their own negligence or more emphasis on empiricism, Ignoring the correct methods and processes, and cleaning and maintenance in a way that I feel more convenient, this may cause deviations from actual and theoretical. So be sure to develop a strict cleaning and maintenance plan, know the correct cleaning and maintenance methods, and then strictly follow them.

Update the knowledge of cleaning and maintenance of filter cartridge in time

Of course, it is also necessary to update its own filter cartridge maintenance and cleaning knowledge in a timely manner. After all, the cleaning and maintenance knowledge is continuously improved with the development of the times. New methods of maintenance and cleaning will be more effective in extending the service life of the filter cartridge. If you want to learn new knowledge in time, you need to keep up with some new knowledge of the filter industry. You must know about some online knowledge, and you must attend some new exhibitions in time, so that you can have a quick understanding of some new knowledge. Out of control.

In order to better clean and maintain the filter, these methods need to be done by everyone. Otherwise, incorrect methods and methods will affect the service life of the filter cartridge, reduce the quality of the filter cartridge, and affect the effectiveness and stability of the filtering work.

These Issues Must Be Addressed When Cleaning And Maintaining Filter Cartridges

Features And Uses Of Filter Membranes

The membrane filter is a filter made of a membrane having a certain pore size (a polymer is used as a material such as a cellulose acetate membrane and a nylon membrane). The pores on the surface are irregular shapes. The core component of the membrane filter is a membrane, a membrane that is filled with finer pores on a microporous support layer. There are many materials for making membranes, which are classified into organic membranes (such as polysulfone hollow fiber membranes) and inorganic membranes.

Membrane filters can be used to filter bacteria or collect microorganisms, sediments, and macromolecules from solvents. Because of the mild operating conditions, the membrane filter is preferred in industrial applications.

1.Nylon filter membrane
Features: Good temperature resistance, can withstand 121℃ saturated steam autoclaving for 30min, with a maximum working temperature of 60℃and good chemical stability, which can withstand a variety of organic and inorganic compounds such as dilute acids, bases, alcohols, esters, oils, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, and organic oxides.

Uses: water filtration, tissue culture media filtration in electronics, microelectronics, semiconductor industry. Filtration of liquid chemicals, beverages, highly purified chemicals, aqueous solution, and organic mobile phase.

2.PVDF filter membrane
Features: high mechanical strength, high tensile strength, good heat resistance and chemical stability, and low protein adsorption rate; it has strong negative static and hydrophobic properties; it has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic forms. But it cannot tolerate acetone, DMSO, THF, DMF, dichloromethane, chloroform, etc.

Uses: Hydrophobic ones are mainly used for air and steam filtration and high-temperature liquid filtration; hydrophilic ones are mainly used for the purification and filtration of sterilization filtration solvents and chemical raw materials such as tissue culture media and additives, aseptic treatment of reagents, and filtration of high-temperature liquids.

Features And Uses Of Filter Membranes

Guard Column And Misunderstanding Of HPLC Column

HPLC column is used in HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) instrument to separate glucose, maltose, and sucrose from sugar.
Our HPLC columns have two series:
Xchroma Series: Various types of column stationary phases, complete, high quality
Echroma series: few types of columns, slightly cheaper.

Stationary phase parameters: matrix type (such as silica gel or polymer); Jianhe phase-type (such as C18 or CN); particle size (such as 3 um, 5 um); specific surface area of the stationary phase (such as 130 m2 / g ); The pore size of the stationary phase [such as XX? (This unit reads ai)];
Uniformity (this can emphasize the quality of the adsorbent OK, but customers will not put forward specific parameters when purchasing), stationary phase purity (this can emphasize the quality OK, general customers will not ask for specific parameters when purchasing),
The shape of the stationary phase particles (eg, irregular or circular, this point is not high, so customers may not write specific requirements when buying)

Guard column:
HPLC columns are prone to blockage and damage, so some laboratories choose to use a guard column before the HPLC column to extend the service life of the HPLC column. Guard columns generally include: ferrule + core + peek tube + peek connector.

Error 1: HPLC column cannot be recoil
In general, the pressure value of the liquid chromatography column is much higher than the maximum operating pressure (about 2 times). Therefore, for a stable packed bed, if a suitable mobile phase and a reasonable time distribution are used, a well-filled column can bow from left to right. In turn, the reasons for using the HPLC column are as follows: recoil when changing the column, clean the substances strongly adsorbed on the column head, and wash out the residual substances to prevent the pressure from increasing.

Error 2: all C18 (L1) columns are the same
In the early HPLC system, C18 was the only binding stationary phase of reverse chromatography, so C18 was used as the standard of reverse chromatography column and many pioneers were willing to use it. Because HPLC was first used in the pharmaceutical industry, and the management organization was not willing to make new designs. FDA and USP also provide the classification of analysis methods designed when submitting new drug applications. The HPLC column given C18 is classified as “L” because most of the C18 columns are used as the method columns for submitting new drugs, so C18 becomes L1, which is the first standard column. But more fixed phases appear, named after the new L value. (L7 = C8, L10 cyano, L11 phenyl).

Error 3: protecting the column does not affect the separation effect
If the selection of the stationary phase is wrong, the protective column has an effect on separation, but the protective column is used to protect the analytical column from being polluted by high residual components. Therefore, if the retention of the stationary phase is strong (such as high carbon load and mixed-phase), it can make the retention cheap and affect separation, even lead to different selectivity. If the retention is weak, the problem is not so obvious unless the stationary phase affects the selectivity of the whole system.

Guard Column And Misunderstanding Of HPLC Column

The Instructions Of C18 SPE Cartridge

HAWACH SPE cartridges are available in 1ml, 3ml, 6ml and12ml and the packing materials include four major types: silicone bonded matrix, polymer matrix, adsorption matrix and special column. The silicone bonded matrix includes reversed phase C18, C18-ne, C8; normal phase Silica, Diol, CN; ion exchange SAX, SCX, NH2, PRS, PSA; mixed mode C8/SCX, C8/SAX. The polymer matrix includes HLB, MCX (PS/DCB), MAX (PS/DCB), WCX (PS/DCB), and WAX (PS/DCB). The Adsorption matrix contains alumina (AI203), graphitized carbon black (GCB), and Florisil pesticide residue. As for the special column, it is for azo dye detection column, etc.

Usage of C18 SPE cartridge
Sample processing is the most common step in the analysis. C18 SPE cartridge is a sample-processing solid phase extraction device that is easy to use and recyclable. The C18 SPE cartridge reduces sample processing time and can be used as follows:
Purification: The packing in the SPE cartridge adsorbs the compound of interest or impurities in the sample. Thus, when the sample flows out, the selected compound (including impurities) is left on the extraction column.

Micro extraction or concentration: The analyte can be concentrated when the amount of analyte is below the method limit.
Separation: Gradient elution based on different polarities of the sample, extraction of samples, and increase of sample concentration.
Dissolution exchange: Dissolution exchange: If the sample is poorly soluble, the analyte can be adsorbed and eluted through the cartridge with a suitable solvent.

The Instructions Of C18 SPE Cartridge

Do You Know The Operation Steps Of The Electric Pipette?

The working principle of the electric pipette is to drive the spring to expand and contract this year through the current, thereby moving the piston up and down to discharge or suck liquid. The big advantage of electric motor is that it has high repeatability and high accuracy. It can automatically remove liquid according to the setting to save manpower, and is suitable for laboratories with frequent pipetting times.

The universal tip shaft design of electric pipettes is compatible with tips from many manufacturers. The lower part of the pipette can be easily removed for autoclaving. Each pipette is independently tested and certified for quality. In addition, each pipette contains a pipette holder, lithium battery, and charger. There is also an optional charger that can be removed and charged independently.

The balance of the electric pipette and low finger operation can effectively reduce fatigue. The size and position of the keys are also ergonomic, helping you achieve easy pipetting. By turning the option dial, you can select various operation functions, which is simple and intuitive. The innovative rocker button design follows the principle of “press upwards to move upwards and press downwards to move downwards”. Pressing the rocker can realize the corresponding movement of the piston, which is simpler than manual pipette operation.

The electric pipette is designed with ergonomics and can rotate 360 degrees, suitable for left and right hand operation; the piston is driven by an electric motor, which guarantees the consistent pipetting results for each operation / channel; when the pipette power is insufficient, you can Able to operate while charging; In addition, the optimized nozzle design can adapt to a variety of general-purpose nozzles and easy to remove.

Do You Know The Operation Steps Of The Electric Pipette?

To Know Better HAWACH QuEChERS Products

QuEChERS method
The pre-treatment method for pesticide residues–QuEChERS is the upgraded version of SPE. It has similar purification effect to SPE, but the processing steps are more concise, time saving, high efficient and economical, which are gradually accepted by the majority of analysts. Sample preparation for multi-class, multi-residue pesticide analysis can be accomplished using a kit that requires only a few simple steps.

HAWACH has independently developed the QuEChERS series, which covers two types of extraction kits and purification kits of AOAC 2007.01 and EN 15662.

HAWACH QuEChERS Product Advantage
• Pre-precise weighing of products, anhydrous ultra-clean packaging, improving the quality of results.
• Full range and specifications, in line with AOAC 2007.01, EN 15662 official operating methods, and selection guides to help you choose the right product.
• The inorganic salts and adsorbents used as raw materials are all certified to be the highest level of reagents of its kind, avoiding the introduction of interfering substances.
• The core products are packaged in light-proof and sealed materials and will not deteriorate due to placement and transportation.
• Long-term commitment to research and development of sample separation and purification, with strong technical strength.

Comparison of QuEChERS method with traditional SPE method
The QuEChERS method has the same purification effect as the solid phase extraction method, but the processing steps are obviously simplified, the solvent dosage is significantly reduced, the data accuracy is greatly improved, and the application range is greatly expanded. It is a high-throughput sample preparation method.

To Know Better HAWACH QuEChERS Products

A Detailed Description Of The Bottle-Top Dispenser Operation

The bottle-top dispenser is a frequently used experiment tool and the right operation will make the experiment result more accurate and effective.

1.Preparation before use
Prepare protective clothing, eye protection, and gloves. When touching the dispenser or bottle, especially dangerous and corrosive liquids in it, always wear protective gloves. The adapters are made of polypropylene (PP), so it can only be applied for media that do not attack PP. Before use, read through the User Manual and especially the Operating Exclusions and Limitations.

2.The discharge tube connection
Firstly, push the discharge tube as far as possible into the discharge valve. And then tighten the locking nut by finger to ensure a tight fit. Please note that do not use any other type of discharge tube or deformed ones.

3.The filling tube connection
The filling volume of Hawach bottle-top dispenser ranges from 0.1ml to 99.9ml. For bottle-top dispensers 0-25 ml and 0-50 ml, the filling tube can be connected. Then, cut off filling tube diagonal and push the filling tube into the valve block as far as possible-with the diagonal end down.

4.The mounting dispenser on the bottle
The bottle-top dispenser can be screwed directly onto a 45 mm screwthread. For other bottles, use the accompanying adapters.

5.Priming the bottle-top dispenser
Please note the small bottles require a bottle stand to prevent tipping over. The discharge tube and closure cap may be dropped off by reagent, so operators should hold the discharge tube and carefully remove the closure cap. Then, slide the closure cap backwards on the tube support, away from the discharge tube opening.

When priming holds a discharge tube on the inner wall of a suitable recipient, operators should avoid splashes. Gently pull the piston up (1 to 2 cm), then press it down rapidly. Repeat this procedure to remove most of the air bubbles. Pay particular attention to critical areas where bubbles may lodge. Before the first use of the bottle-top dispenser, please ensure it is rinsed carefully or discard the first few samples dispensed.

A Detailed Description Of The Bottle-Top Dispenser Operation

What Is The Unique Filtering Principle Of Laboratory Vacuum Filtration Device?

Vacuum filtration devices are mainly used for high-performance liquid chromatography mobile phase filtration, particulate matter analysis, and microbial contamination detection. They are standing equipment in chemical laboratories. It is made of high-quality borate glass or 316L sanitary stainless steel, which can filter various aqueous solutions, organics, and corrosive liquids during analysis, and can be hot-pressed and disinfected at 121℃.

Lab vacuum filtration device
The laboratory vacuum filtration device adopts an integrated structure design, which collects filter bottles, suction filter funnels, vacuum pumps and other accessories required for laboratory filtration in one machine, to facilitate the overall movement and save laboratory space. It is sturdy and durable, more convenient to wipe and clean when there is filtrate dripping during filtration.

Filtration principle
Within about 10 seconds after the vacuum pump is started, the vacuum negative pressure tank can be drawn into a negative pressure cavity of not less than 91.2KPa (68.4 mmHg), and then the solenoid valve 3 or 5 is connected under the action of the pressure difference, to make the liquid in the filter pan quickly passes through the filter paper to dehydrate. It can be used in chemical analysis, instrument analysis, sanitary inspection, biological products, and petroleum, environmental monitoring and other aspects of liquid filtration to monitor and remove particles and bacteria in the liquid.

Structural features
The structure is simple, compact, and the vacuum system works reliably, with a high degree of vacuum. In order to prevent liquid in the vacuum negative pressure tank from entering the vacuum pump, upper and lower contacts are set in the device. When the liquid reaches a predetermined height, the vacuum pump automatically stops, open the air release solenoid valve and start it by itself after the liquid is discharged.

What Is The Unique Filtering Principle Of Laboratory Vacuum Filtration Device?

Cellulose Extraction Thimbles

Hawach offers a range of specialty products to meet your specific testing requirements. Made with traditional Hawach quality, these products combine ease of use with unsurpassed accuracy and consistency.

Extraction Thimbles
Widely used in Soxhlet extraction units, Hawach cellulose and glass microfiber extraction thimbles are known for their purity and consistent high quality. As an efficient method of solvent extraction of solids and semi-solids, they are able to provide a safe and convenient lab helper.

Hawach offers a wide selection of high-quality extraction thimbles, manufactured in high purity cellulose fibers or high purity glass binderless microfiber. Custom manufacturing is available for tubes, sleeves, and additional sizes. Moreover, the cellulose extraction thimbles have a standard one and enhanced one with a different but consistent thickness of the wall. The standard ones’ thickness is 1–1.5 mm to support application need and double thickness for added rigidity.

Common Thimble Applications
Analysis of air and exhaust
Collect solid particles, such as dust
Monitoring funnel gas
Pesticide residue analysis
Detection of the fat content of solid food
Lipid analysis of solid waste
Biochemical analysis elution

High-Performance Cellulose Extraction Thimbles
Produced from high-quality alpha cellulose cotton linter and with excellent mechanical strength and retention, Hawach cellulose extraction thimbles have gained a favorable reputation all over the world, as the high purity of the materials ensures reliable and reproducible analytical results.

Operators can choose the right one based on their specific requirements, for instance, the single-thickness thimbles are standard with a wall thickness of approximately 1 mm (10.0 µm nominal particle retention) and the double thickness thimbles are needed when higher retention and increased wet or dry strength, or rigidity is required, with a wall thickness of approximately 2 mm (6.0 µm nominal particle retention).

For the two specifications of the cellulose extraction thimbles, the standard ones are more frequently used. How to select the thimble size is based on the specific requirements to fit extractors correctly. The different dimensions represent established conventions, showing the inner diameter and total length of the thimble in millimeters. As a result, the wall thickness should be considered when calculating the outside diameter. The thimble should pass through the narrower end of the upper suction pipe, leaving a gap of 1-2 mm and 5-10 mm above the top of the siphon.

High-Purity Glass Microfiber Thimbles
manufactured from 100% pure borosilicate glass, Hawach glass microfiber thimbles with high-purity are available for different applications. Completely free of binders or additives, it can be used at temperatures over 120°C and the maximum temperature up to 600°C or when using solvents that are incompatible with cellulose thimbles, say the strong acid. They can also be used in pollution monitoring techniques (0.8 µm nominal particle retention). Typical thickness of 1.7 mm.

To sum up, Hawach offers thimbles whose dimensions are matched exactly to those of the thimble holders to ensure optimal fit and for all automated extraction apparatus in common use.

Cellulose Extraction Thimbles

Volume Setting And Autoclaving Of Bottle-Top Dispenser

1.Volume setting
– under the discharge tube opening, hold a suitable collecting container
– slowly and evenly pull the piston up to the stop to suck the reagent into the glass bottle.
– gently and evenly push down the piston to distribute the reagent into the container.
Please pay attention to the piston in the down position after use.

2.Drying tube connection(optional)
PTFE tape should be used for the thread of the bottle and/or thread adapter.

3.Cleaning/replacing the filling valve
a. To clean bottle-top dispenser, read the cleaning instructions first and follow it.
b. Remove and unscrew the filling tube.
c. Take the sealing washer to remove the valve. Make sure the sealing washer does not remain in the valve block.
d. Take cleaning solution to rinse the filling valve, and clean with soft brush. If valve ball is stuck slightly press with a plastic pipette tip to loosen it.
e. First, screw the cleaned/new filling valve together with its sealing washer into the valve block by hand and then tighten it firmly using the mounting tool.

4. Cleaning/replacing the discharge valve
a. Follow all cleaning instructions.
b. Unscrew the discharge tube.
c. Remove the valve locking ring.
d. Take the mounting tool to unscrew the discharge valve. Take the sealing washer to remove the valve. Make sure the sealing washer does not remain in the valve block.
e. Take cleaning solution to rinse the discharge valve, and clean with a soft brush. If the valve ball is stuck slightly press with a plastic pipette tip to loosen it.
f. First, screw the cleaned/new discharge valve together with its sealing washer into the valve block by hand and then tighten it firmly using the mounting tool.
g. Slide on the valve locking ring making sure the two prongs properly align with the notches.

Volume Setting And Autoclaving Of Bottle-Top Dispenser

Filtration Efficiency And Applicability Of Filter Paper

In general, there are two types of filter paper in the laboratory: qualitative filter paper and quantitative filter paper. In the application of analytical chemistry, when sediment is separated after the inorganic compound is filtered, the residue which is collected on the filter paper can be used to figure up wastage rate during the process of experiment.

After filtration, many cotton fibers will be created on qualitative filter paper, so it is only suitable for qualitative analysis. As for quantitative filter paper, especially the ashless filter paper which is specially processed, it can effectively resist chemical reaction so that fewer impurities will be produced. Thus, it can be applied in quantitative analysis.
Apart from filter paper which is applied generally in the laboratory, it is also widely used in daily life or in the engineering. It can be used for testing suspended particles in the air or applied in different industrial applications.

When choosing a proper filter paper, four elements have to be considered: hardness, filter efficiency, capacity, and applicability. Because the filter paper will be wet when doing filtration, high hardness must be considered in experimental procedures with a long time of filtration. Furthermore, filter paper with high efficiency means a high filtration rate and high-resolution ratio.

Tips for Selection
Several points should be considered in the selection of filter paper:
1. The use area of the filter paper is large, the dust content is large, the resistance is small, the service life is long, and the cost is correspondingly increased.
2. The smaller the fiber diameter is, the better the interception effect is and the higher filtration efficiency is.
3. The binder content of the binder in the filter material is high, the tensile strength of the paper is high, the filtration efficiency is high, the dust of the filter material is small, the resistance is good, but the resistance is correspondingly increased.
Filtration Efficiency And Applicability Of Filter Paper

How Do You Choose And Maintain The Syringe Filter?

Syringe filters can be used in HPLC analysis and IC analysis to filter the sample solution, which is an important step in sample preparation. As the main component of the syringe system pollution control, it is important to understand the classification and selection of the syringe filter. Different types of membranes with different pore sizes can filter mobile phases and samples to clarify bacteria and remove impurities. It is important to protect the chromatographic system and column.

Choice of syringe filter

1. Casing: High-pressure polypropylene (PP) is resistant to high temperatures, does not leak, does not require membrane replacement and cleaning, and saves complicated and time-consuming preparation work. It is a filter for HPLC and GC small sample.

2. Selection of filter specifications: Φ13μm and Φ25μm are commonly used, that is, Φ13μm is used for 2-10ml sample size, and Φ25μm is used for 10-100ml sample size.

The structure design of the syringe filter is precise, which ensures smooth filtering, rationalized internal space, and very low residual rate. It is widely used in pharmaceutical analysis, food testing, environmental monitoring, protein removal and sterility testing.

Compatible and Incompatible Substance

Hawach syringe filter can be used in numerous filtration situations, including corrosive and non-corrosive mobile phases based on solvents. To select a qualified product is significant, the non-conforming product is dissolved in the impurity, and the solvent to be filtered is soaked for 24 hours to see whether the dissolved phenomenon exists. There are some suggestions on reducing wrong operation in experiment. It is reasonable to reduce salt variables and avoid particle coalescence of columns and meters. It is suitable to provide polarity for chemical compatibility, even with corrosive acids and alcohol, but not recommend for acetone, DM, DMSO, base is larger than 6N.

How to maintain the syringe filter?

1. Based on the actual use frequency, periodically remove the filter material in the primary effect syringe filter for cleaning.
2. When it is found that the wind speed becomes low, you should first check whether the surface of the primary air filter is black. If it is black, it means that the pre-filter has more dust holding capacity and the resistance increases. Clean or replace the cloth.
3. When the non-woven fabric is replaced or cleaned, the wind speed cannot be increased, it means that the air filter has been blocked and the resistance has increased, the syringe filter should be replaced.
4. When replacing the syringe filter, the spray ball plate must be removed, the filter should be removed, and the new air filter should be replaced according to the specifications and models of the original syringe filter. When installing, confirm the arrow mark on the syringe filter, and the arrow should point in the direction of the air flow. And make sure the seal is good to prevent leakage.
5.After replacing the syringe filter, make sure that there is no leakage in the frame, and use a dust particle counter to detect it. After the technical indicators are reached, normal operation can be performed.

How Do You Choose And Maintain The Syringe Filter?

FAQ About HAWACH Sample Vials, Cap And Septa

As the basic laboratory staples, sample vial can maximize your efficiency with fewer failed applications and avoid most of the instrument damage due to the sample vials which are out of specification.

Hawach offers high-quality glass vials in many sizes and caps. In a range of sizes from 2 ml to 40 ml, the glass sample vials for general purpose can resist most of the heat shock and chemical leaching. And we guarantee all of our sample vials, caps, and septa can fit in your autosampler for most of your applications.

The material of Hawach sample vials is USP1 and Borosilicate glass which is non-porous and has no catalytic effect. As the boron oxide particles in the glass are so small, the silicate is held more closely together which makes the glass much stronger for your laboratory needs.

1. Why should I buy a sample vial from HAWACH?
The integrity, cleanliness, and uniformity of vials are critical to today’s demanding applications. That’s why HAWACH vials and caps are designed with the same engineering expertise as HAWACH instruments. All HAWACH-certified vials are manufactured in an ISO9001 clean environment with unique packaging to guarantee cleanliness and safety during shipping.

2. Can the compatibility between the sample and the vial be guaranteed?
For highly sensitive samples such as pesticides or semi-volatile substances and samples that are prone to sudden pH changes, deactivated sample vials are the best choice because their surfaces are more hydrophobic and inert. For more stringent and demanding applications such as mass spectrometry, deactivated sample vials are recommended to prevent sample interactions before analysis.

FAQ About HAWACH Sample Vials, Cap And Septa

How To Choose A Flash Column?

Advantages
1) Compared with atmospheric pressure chromatography, the separation efficiency is higher;
2) Natural traditional advantages in protein purification;
3) It is more economical than high-pressure preparative chromatography, the instrument requires less configuration, and the user can install the column by himself;
4) The use of pre-packed columns can increase the rate and save time and manpower;
5) It has a direct relationship with TLC. Using TLC can quickly establish a separation method;
6) More solvent saving than traditional column method;
7) Samples that are not easily separated by conventional manual column passing can be achieved by the column passing machine.

So how do you choose a FLASH column?
1. Convenience
Compared with the traditional column method, the FLASH column is fast and easy to operate. Convenience is mainly reflected in two aspects, one is the user-friendliness and the other is the efficiency of separation and purification.

1) User-friendliness: First, check the hardware facilities of the FLASH column; second, the software operation experience; whether the entire process design is reasonable, including whether the software operation is smooth and whether it is convenient to check the experimental progress, record the experiment and so on.

2) In terms of separation and purification efficiency, in general, the efficiency of the FLASH column is definitely much higher than that of the manual column.

In terms of separation time, it is generally passed by machine, and a sample is good for half an hour, but it may take several hours or even 1 day by manual; In addition, in terms of the separation effect, some samples, such as two points on a TLC board, are close to each other and cannot be separated manually, and can be separated by a machine, which also virtually improves the experimental efficiency.

How To Choose A Flash Column?

Nylon Folded Filter Cartridge And Titanium Alloy Filter Cartridge

As a new type of filter product, the filter cartridge filter is often used in multiple processes such as water purification and solid separation. The purification effect of the filter cartridge is obvious and its maintenance is convenient. Favored by the pharmaceutical industry, market demand continues to rise.

Depending on the material of the filter cartridge, the effectiveness of the filter cartridge also varies greatly. According to the material of the filter cartridge, it is mainly divided into pp filter cartridge filter, wire wound filter cartridge filter, and folding filter cartridge filter, activated carbon filter cartridge and so on. According to the different requirements of enterprises, most filter cartridge filter manufacturers can also improve the targeted inductance value service. Due to the difference in the performance of the element itself, their filtration performance also has a large difference.

The nylon folded filter cartridge sold on the market generally ensures the quality and cleanness effect under the strict control of the production environment during the production process. It is necessary to have a better and clearer understanding of this kind of filter cartridge through the following aspects.

Features
As we have known, the nylon membranes are naturally hydrophilic, which have broad chemical compatibility but with no surfactants contained. Based on this condition, the nylon folded filter cartridge is qualified to have a large filtering area and a high flow rate. Also, it possesses higher strength and better acid and alkali resistance, due to the use of the nylon membrane. Moreover, it could provide a long service life since it formed by hot-melt welding technology, which minimizes the degree of oxidation and guarantees an overall sealing. Especially, its uniform pore size distribution with no fiber shedding is in line with the requirements of the pharmaceutical and food industry.

Nylon Folded Filter Cartridge And Titanium Alloy Filter Cartridge

A Brief Introduction Of Hawach Filter Membrane (Round And Roll)

In the application of membrane separation technology, the microporous filter membrane is the most widely used membrane variety. It is simple and fast to use and is widely used in many fields such as scientific research, food testing, chemical industry, nanotechnology, energy, and environmental protection. The unique pore structure of the round membrane creates a natural physical barrier that allows particles or microorganisms to remain on the membrane surface with the ability to retain particles.

Roll filter membrane
Hawach can supply a variety of raw materials for different materials to meet and adapt to the differentiated needs of production membrane manufacturers. The rolling membrane is rectangularly rolled together and is indicated by the width, with 254mm, 260mm, 270mm, 280mm and 310 mm available. The inner core is 22mm.

Round filter membrane
The round membrane filter that HAWACH can provide includes polyethersulfone membrane (PES), mixed cellulose membrane (MCE), nylon (NY), polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF), and polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (PTFE). Polypropylene membrane (PP), glass fiber membrane (GF), cellulose acetate membrane (CA), nitrocellulose membrane (CN), and the like. The diameter is 13mm to 293mm, the hole diameter is 0.1μm to 10μm, etc., and other specifications of the membrane can be customized according to the needs of users.

Features
1. High porosity: High porosity allows air and liquid to provide high filtration rates in each zone. High porosity also provides a large surface area for adsorption and binding.
2. Diversity: There are many different types of filter membranes, and you can easily find the products you need in our various membranes.
3. High purity: All membranes are produced with high purity raw materials and auxiliaries.
4. High strength: Our membranes have been tested for both rupture and tensile strength. Polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and nylon membrane have strong chemical resistance.
5. Heat resistance: It has excellent heat resistance and low-temperature resistance.
6. Suitability: There is a low coefficient of friction.
7. Moisture resistance: the surface is not wet with water and oil, it is not easy to dip the solution during operations.
8. Wear resistance: under high load, it has excellent wear resistance.
9. Corrosion resistance: it can protect parts from any kind of chemical corrosion.

A Brief Introduction Of Hawach Filter Membrane (Round And Roll)

Common Terms And Matters Needing Attention Of HPLC Column

Short for High-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC is an analytical chemistry technique used to separate, quantify and identify the components which are in a mixture. In the HPLC technique, the pumps push some liquid solvents which contain a mixture of the through a HPLC column which contains solid absorbent materials.

The principle of HPLC is easy to understand. Each of the components in the sample will interact with the absorbent material in a different way, which will cause different flow rates in the various components, and the components will be separated as they flow out of the HPLC column.

The HPLC column is called the stationary phase, which is made from different substances. You can find that silica is popular in the absorbent material, as it’s highly compact in nature. The full lines of Hawach HPLC column products will help you to get faster separation for similar samples. The wonderful performance of the HPLC columns will get your HPLC method greatly improved.

Common terms for HPLC

1. Chromatogram: a graph of the response signal generated by the HPLC column effluent when passing through the detector system versus time or mobile phase effluent volume, or a paper chromatogram (ch or paper layer spot observed by appropriate methods), The distribution map of the band.
2. Chromatographic peak: The differential curve of the response signal generated when the effluent from the HPLC column passes through the detector system.
3. Peak base: The straight line connecting the start and end of the peak (CD in Figure 1).
4. Peak height (h): The distance from the maximum point of the chromatographic peak to the peak bottom (BE in Figure 1).
5. Peak width (W): The distance between the two points where the tangent line and the bottom of the peak intersect at the inflection points on both sides of the peak (F, G in Figure 1) (KL in Figure 1).
6. Half-peak width (W h / 2, the peak with a half-height): Make a straight line parallel to the bottom of the peak through the midpoint of the peak height. The distance between this straight line and the two points that intersect at both sides of the peak (Figure 1 HJ).
7. Peak area (A): the area between the peak and the peak bottom (CHEJDC in Figure 1).

Common Terms And Matters Needing Attention Of HPLC Column

A Brief Introduction Of SPE And SPE Cartridge

Solid phase extraction
SPE is a technology for separating and concentrating analytes from complex solutions, and it has been applied to many industries:
* Sample preparation for heavy metal analysis in groundwater
* Remove food and feed digestion solution impurities for better analysis of transition metals
* Remove impurities from blood and serum solutions for better analysis of heavy metal elements
* Concentrate or remove minerals from seawater samples
* Pre-concentration of water samples with SPE to increase sensitivity of XRF
* Reduce the weight of the water sample for easy carrying (just carry the small cartridge with the selected sample).

Cartridge capacity
The capacity of the SPE cartridge refers to the adsorption amount of the SPE cartridge packing. For silica-based SPE cartridge, the capacity is generally 1 to 5 mg/100 mg, that is, the cartridge capacity is 1%~5% of the mass of the packing. The capacity of the bonded silica ion exchange adsorbent packing is expressed in meq/g, that is, the capacity per gram of the filler is X milliequivalent. The capacity of such packing is usually between 0.5 to 1.5 meq/g.

SPE cartridge features
1. The particle size is highly uniform, the surface area and pore size are reasonable, and the optimized surface functional groups are highly stable in chemical properties.
2. High load, using less adsorbent and solvent, the result is more concentrated.
3. It is easy to use and reliable with high selectivity, good reproducibility and high accuracy.

Proper Use Of Pipette

1. Adjusting range
When adjusting the measuring range, if you want to adjust from large volume to small volume, you can rotate the knob anticlockwise according to the normal adjustment method; but if you want to adjust from small volume to large volume, you can first rotate the scale knob clockwise to the scale beyond the measuring range, and then callback to the set volume, so as to ensure the highest accuracy of measurement. In this process, do not turn the button out of the range, otherwise, the internal mechanism will be stuck and the pipette will be damaged.

2. Assemble the pipette head (suction nozzle)
When the pipette head is put on the pipette, the correct method is to insert the pipette (device) vertically into the pipette head and turn it slightly to the left and right with a little force to make it tightly combined. If it is a multi-channel (such as 8 or 12 channels) pipette, the first channel of the pipette can be aimed at the first pipette head, then it can be inserted obliquely, and it can be clamped by shaking forward and backward. The mark of the pipette head clamping is slightly more than the O-ring, and the connection part can be seen to form a clear sealing ring.

3. Method of liquid transfer
Before liquid transfer, make sure that the pipette, pipette head, and liquid are at the same temperature. When sucking the liquid, keep the pipette vertical and insert the pipette head 2-3mm below the liquid level. Before sucking the liquid, you can first suck and put liquid several times to wet the sucking nozzle (especially when you want to suck liquid with viscosity or density different from water). At this time, two methods of liquid transfer can be adopted.

Proper Use Of Pipette

Characteristics Of The QuEChERS Method

Originally, QuEChERS was used as a test for multiple pesticide residues in vegetables or fruits. Up to now, its application range is no longer limited to this. At present, QuEChERS has a wide range of applications in agricultural and veterinary drug residues in agricultural products and foods, poisons in the blood, and mycotoxins in food.

Advantages
Compared to other commonly used pre-processing technologies (such as SPE, GPC, etc.), the advantages are:
1) It can detect more than 200 kinds of compounds at the same time, and the recovery rate is better, more than 80%;
2) Correction by the internal standard method, with high precision and accuracy;
3) Simple operation, short detection period, 30-40 pre-weighed samples can be processed in 1h;
4) The solvent is used in a small amount and the price is low. Only acetonitrile is used, the environmental pollution is small, and the risk to the experimenter is small;
5) The use of instruments is simple, mainly using centrifuges and centrifuge tubes.

Disadvantages
In addition to the above advantages, QuEChERS has its own shortcomings. For samples with low water content or high-fat content, the purification effect is not ideal, the extraction efficiency is low, and the purification process has a large loss.

Characteristics of the QuEChERS method

1. Selection of extractant
When extracting pesticide residues, the choice of solvent is very important, and acetonitrile has its unique advantages. K Ma tovská et al. (2004) evaluated extraction solvents for pesticide residues. For the stability of pesticide residues, the exchange solvents (cyclohexane, n-hexane, and toluene) are superior to polar solvents (acetonitrile, acetone and ethyl acetate). Acetonitrile degrades N-trihalomethylthio-based fungicides such as captan, folpet, and dichlofluanid; and dicofol and chlorothalonil are unstable in acetone medium; thioether pesticides such as fenthion and disulfoton ethyl acetate are unstable in dissolution. By adding 0.1% acetic acid and using acetonitrile as a solvent, the above unstable pesticide residues have a high recovery rate.

Characteristics Of The QuEChERS Method

How Does Vacuum Filtration Equipment Work?

As a kind of liquid purification equipment, vacuum filtration is mainly and widely applied to the pharmaceutical and chemical industry and has very amazing using effects. Today I am going to introduce some operating principles of this equipment and hope you can reference and understand.

What is vacuum filtration?
Vacuum filtration forms negative pressure in the filtrate outlet as the power of filtration. This kind of filtration machine is split into batch operation and continuous operation.

Vacuum filtration equipment with batch operation can filter suspension liquid with all kinds of concentrations, while anther kind with continuous operation can filter thick suspension liquid with more solid particles. With the advantages of lightweight and is easy to install and maintain, it is mainly used in the manufacturing technique of the pharmaceutical and chemical industry and oil industry.

Vacuum filtration includes a vacuum negative pressure filter, which is divided into two kinds of filters. One uses glass with many holes to support the filter membrane. It can make sure the left particles distribute on the filter membrane evenly, which makes it easy to gather and count the particles. Another kind uses stainless steel mesh with a PTFE coating to support the membrane. It is applied to gather the filtrate, for example, getting rid of particles in the sample. When we filter some thicker liquid, like gather particles from oil, we suggest this kind of filter. And it is easy to clean.

How Does Vacuum Filtration Equipment Work?

About The Parameters Of HAWACH Glass Fiber Extraction Thimbles

HAWACH glass fiber extraction thimbles are made of 100% alkali-free glass fiber and processed at high temperature, which is adhesive-free and chemically inert. It can collect small and sub-micron particles. It is a high-efficiency filtering device that captures soot, acid mist, aerosol, beryllium compounds, etc. It has the advantages of high-temperature resistance, low weight loss, high efficiency and good strength, which is widely used for monitoring air pollution sources under various circumstances.

Parameters
HAWACH has three kinds of glass fiber extraction thimbles: SLGET32120, SLGET2590 and SLGET2870, with flow pressure14-16mmHg, 16-18 mmHg and 18-20 mmHg respectively. Its maximum temperature is 600℃, the DOP Retention is over 99.99% and weight loss is less than 0.2.

Uniqueness
The glass microfiber extraction thimbles provided in this line are made of 100% borosilicate glass microfiber without the need for adhesives or reinforcements. These extraction thimbles offer many advantages in a wide range of analytical applications, which are used to make this depth filters smooth and uniform.

This permits their characteristically high flow rates while allowing retention of exceptionally small particles and high load capacity. These characteristics are particularly important in applications involving high concentrations of particulate or gelatinous substances. When selecting the appropriate extraction thimbles for a particular application, careful consideration should be given to the physical form and concentration of the substance to be trapped by the extraction thimbles.

About The Parameters Of HAWACH Glass Fiber Extraction Thimbles

Safety Instructions For The Use Of Bottle-Top Dispenser

The bottle-top dispenser may sometimes be used with hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. It is beyond the scope of the following contents to address all of the potential safety risks associated with its use in such applications. To consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use is the responsibility of the user of the bottle-top dispenser.

The do’s and don’ts
1. Operators need to read through the operating manual before operation provided by the manufacture.
2. To wear protective clothing, eye protection and gloves etc. to prevent hazard.
3. Follow all the safety specifications and instructions provided by manufacturers.
4. The bottle-top dispenser is only for dispensing liquids, with strict regard to the defined limitations of use and operating limitations. If in doubt, contact the manufacturer or supplier.
5. Always use the bottle-top dispenser in such a way that neither the user nor any other person is endangered. Avoid splashes. Only dispense into suitable vessels. The discharge tube must always point away from operator or others when dispensing.
6. Never press down the piston when the screw cap is pushed on.
7. When the dispensing cylinder is filled, do not remove the discharge tube
8. Reagents should be cleaned regularly, as it may accumulate in the closure cap of the discharge tube.
9. A bottle stand is needed for small bottles, in case of tipping over.
10. Do not carry the mounted bottle-top dispenser by the cylinder sleeve or the valve block, or the breakage or loosening of the cylinder may lead to personal injury from chemicals .
11. Instead of using force on the bottle-top dispenser, operator should use smooth gentle movements to operate the piston upwards and downwards.
12. Accessories and spare parts only from original manufacturers can be used. Do not attempt to make any technical alterations.
13. Check the bottle-top dispenser every time before use. If the piston difficult to move, sticking valves or leakage are found, stop dispensing immediately.

Working limitations
The bottle-top dispenser is designed for dispensing liquids, and please note the following limits:
– 15 to 40℃ both for the dispenser and reagent
– 500 mbar-vapor pressure
– 2.2 g/cm3-density
– 500 mm²/s-kinematic viscosity

Safety Instructions For The Use Of Bottle-Top Dispenser